DyCraft: An Agentic System for Long‑Horizon 4D Scene Generation

Minute-long 3D animations in Blender from text prompts, authored by coding agents.

Jeff Tan*,1, Hang Dai*,1, Zeqian Long*,1, Yanzhe Lyu1, R. Kenny Jones1, Shangzhe Wu2, Chen Geng†,1, Jiajun Wu†,1

1Stanford University2University of Cambridge

Abstract

Coding agents can build high-quality 3D scenes, but when asked to animate them over a long horizon, they default to scripting the whole motion in one pass, yielding unrealistic animations with objects that interpenetrate, float, and move unnaturally.

DyCraft breaks the animation workflow into steps that coding agents can reliably solve. It plans and builds the scene, then storyboards key animation frames as static 3D scenes that the agent can verify before authoring the motion between them.

On 24 long-horizon animation tasks, it produces substantially fewer physical errors than a native GPT-6 agent and prior agentic baselines, and is preferred by human raters in over 70% of pairwise comparisons.

Loading scenes…

    ClickTap a tile to open it in the viewer.

    Interactive 4D Scene Viewer

    • Draglook around
    • WASDmove
    • QEdown / up
    • Rback to the film camera
    • Hshow walls and ceiling
    • Spaceplay / pause
    • ←→seek
    • ,.step a frame
    • ↑↓previous / next scene
    • Drag sideways to look around, pinch to zoom, two fingers to move
    • Show walls brings back walls and ceiling

    / 0:00

    Real-time WebGL preview: liquids, glass and some materials look different from the Cycles-rendered films.

    Method

    DyCraft gives a coding agent (GPT-6-Astra in Codex) tools for CAD, motion and verification, and walks it through an animator’s steps so each can be checked on its own. Shown on “Turn a wide panel through a narrow doorway”.

    Loading the 3D scene…

    prompt.txt

    scene.txt 944 words

    … This workshop belongs to a museum that keeps refitting the same travelling displays between loans; the returning stock has gradually taken over the adjoining booking office, which now serves as the clean fitting room. The narrow personnel doorway survives that change of use. The workshop is 3.4 by 3.2 metres and the former office 3 by 3.2 metres, sharing a partition beneath a continuous low ceiling. …

    motion.txt 1,466 words

    … The chest starts the turn, successive lifted foot placements turn the pelvis, and the panel turns with the hold. At 45 degrees from broadside, the panel alone still projects about 720 mm across the 740 mm opening, leaving only about 10 mm at each jamb. The turn therefore continues until the long edge lies nearly along the passage. …

    The robot's left upper arm passes through its torso
    ✗ NoPenetration · check #77
    left shoulder ↔ torso, 6.2–7.3 s, 23 mm deep
    After the repair the arm stays clear of the torso
    ✓ 8 / 8 verifiers pass · check #87
    penetration, support, joint limits, contacts…

    BibTeX

    @article{tan2026dycraft,
      title   = {DyCraft: An Agentic System for Long-Horizon 4D Scene Generation},
      author  = {Tan, Jeff and Dai, Hang and Long, Zeqian and Lyu, Yanzhe and Jones, R. Kenny and Wu, Shangzhe and Geng, Chen and Wu, Jiajun},
      journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2610.40754},
      year    = {2026}
    }

    Full prompt